Cart
NSP-X-E configure
ZMF-203e-IR configure
T-200.F Ex configure
QFS-55 configure
TK-304 configure
QFS-5x | QFS-6x configure
TK-101 EX configure
ZS-2 configure
TK-302 configure
LU-150 configure
ES-22 configure
T200.F-24V configure
HD-110 | HD-112 | HD-114 configure
QFS-3X configure
OAA-300 configure
T205 VA
Stainless steel magnetic immersion probes
Magnetic immersion probes for use with highly aggressive liquid media for detecting level limits in containers
Properties
- Protection class : IP 65
- Number of floats : max. 2x Typ 08
- connection cable : Silikon Litze
- Operating temperature : max. 100 °C
- Operating pressure : max. 10 bar (Zylinder)
- Number of contacts : max. 2 x Schließer/ Öffner wahlweise durch 180°-Drehung des Schwimmers bei 2 Schwimmern
- Switching current : 1 A
- Switching voltage : 250 V AC
- Switching capacity : 50 W/VA
- Sliding tube length : max. 1000 mm
- media density : Typ 08: 0,78 g/cm³
- float : Zylinder Edelstahl 1.4571 27 mm Ø
- min. contact distance with several floats : 50 mm
NSP-X-E
Vibrating Limit Switch
The vibrating limit switch is a level limit switch for all kinds of fluids and is used in tanks, containers and pipelines.
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 65/IP 67
- Operating pressure : ≤ 40 bar
- media density : ρ ≥ 0,7 g/cm³
- Viscosity : max. 10000 mm²s
- Rated current : < 15 mA
- Protection class : III
- Output : PNP
- power : kurzschlussfest, überlastsicher
- Display : LED (grün, rot)
- Switching delay (cover) : ca. 0,5 s
- Switching delay (release) : ca. 1 s
NSP-1-E
- connection thread : G 1”
- Operating temperature : –40...+150 °C
- Storage temperature : –40...+85 °C
- nominal voltage : 10...55 V DC (verpolsicher)
- Current output : ≤ 350 mA
NSP-2-E
- connection thread : G ½”
- Operating temperature : –40...+100 °C
- Storage temperature : –20...+70 °C
- nominal voltage : 10...35 V DC (verpolsicher)
- Current output : ≤ 250 mA
HD-1XX
Hydrostatic filling level measurement
Continuous and precise level measurement in unpressurised, open basins and tanks as well as underground applications such as shafts, wells and boreholes.
ZMF-203e-IR
Robust sulphur hexafluoride SF6 sensor for industrial applications with extended operating temperature range and wide-ranging approvals
The ZMF-203e-IR is an SF6 sensor for measuring sulphur hexafluoride concentration in harsh environments.
Properties
- Operating conditions : -40 °C…+60 °C
- Storage conditions : -40 °C…+85 °C
- RelativeHumidity : 0…95 % nicht kondensierend
- Measurement method : NDIR (dual beam technology)
- Certification : SIL2, ATEX
- Signal output : 4..20mA
- Power supply : 12…24 V DC
- Housing : Edelstahl
- Standard cable length : 1,5 m
- pressure conditions : 800...1200 mbar
- screw thread : M46x15
Measuring ranges
- in ppm : in vol%
- 0...1.000ppm : 0...0,1 vol%
- 0...2.000ppm : 0...0,2 vol%
Options
- Other cable lengths on request :
- ATEX certification (optional) :
DSM2420
Sensor for simultaneous measuring flow velocity and filling level
The DSM2420 sensor is a combined sensor for simultaneous measuring flow velocity and level in open or accessible closed channels of all types and shapes.
Properties
- Dimensions : 180 x 48 x 36,5 mm ( L x B x H )
- Weight : ca. 1,5 kg
- Protection class : IP68
- Cable length (standard) : 15 m
- Bending radius : > 10 x D (Kabeldurchmesser 6,25mm) = > 62,5mm
- Temperature range : 0°C ... 50°C
- Mounting shoe material : V2A 1,5mm
Certificates
- EX / ATEX : IBExU 04 ATEX 1256
Measuring principle
- Flow velocity: Ultrasonic Doppler :
- Filling level: Differential pressure :
Flow velocity
- Measuring range : 0,01 - 4 m / s
- Measuring accuracy : +/- 5 % vom Momentanwert im Kanal
- Temperature drift : 0,1% / °C ( Meßspanne )
- Temperature drift : 0,05% / °C ( Nullpunkt )
- Output signal : 4 - 20 mA
Filling level
- Measuring ranges : 0 –1 m ; 0 – 2 m ; 0 – 4 m
- Measuring accuracy : < 0,2% v.E. Summe aus Nichtlinearität, Hysterese und Wiederholbarkeit
- Temperature drift : 0,005% / °C v.E. Meßspanne
- Temperature drift : 0,005% / °C v.E. Nullpunkt
- Material : Al2O3 (96%) aktive Fläche
- Output signal : 4 – 20 mA
- Zero point : norm 4 mA ( +/- 3 % )
T-200.F Ex
Overfill protection for containers with Ex approval
Level sensors type T-20_.F... are
approved by the DIBt (German
Institute for Structural Engineering) as liquid level limit switches for the overcharge protection of containers for storing water-dangerous liquids.
Connection
- Box : Ex-Polyester
- Box : Ex-Aluminium
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 65
- connection thread : G2"
- Union nut : G 2¾"
- Guide tube length : max. 6 m
- Operating temperature : -20…+60 °C
- Operating pressure : max. 6 bar je nach Ausführung
- media density : ρ ≥ 0,72 g/cm³ (je nach Schwimmertyp)
- Switching hysteresis : 2 mm
- Switching point tolerance : max. 2 mm
Resistance value
- Operational readiness : ca. 1 kΩ
- overfill alarm : ca. 12 kΩ
- Switching time : ca. 20 ms
- Ex-protection : siehe Baumusterprüfbescheinigung
- CE marking : siehe Konformitätserklärung
QFS-55
Teflon float switch in rod design
The float switch combination is built with float switches of the QFS-50 and QFS-60 series. This makes it possible to control a level in a simple way.
Technical Data
- Material : PTFE (Teflon)
- connection cable : Silikon, Teflon
- Material rod : VA-Rohr, PTFE beschichtet
- Operating temperature : max. +150 °C
- media density : ρ ≥ 0,75 g/cm³
- Switching system : Reed-Schalter
- Contact : Wechsler, NO, NC
- Inductive/capacitive loads : Unbedingt Kontaktschutz vorsehen
- Ex-protection optional : Elektrische Daten siehe EG-Prüfbescheinigung IBExU10ATEX 1089
Reed contact
- Switching current : 1 mA ... 1 A
- Switching voltage : 24 ... 250 V AC/DC
- Switching capacity : Max. 1A, 60 VA / 60 W
- Switching hysteresis : ca. 100 mm
- Switching angle : ca. +20°...–20°
Namur circuit (1kΩ/12kQ)
- Switching current / switching voltage : nur zum Anschluss an KR-163... oder andere „Namur”-Relais
- Switching hysteresis : ca. 100 mm
- Switching angle : ca. +20°...–20°
TK-304
Level transmitter for Ex-Zone 0 (Cat.1)
T30... continuous magnetic immersible probes are used for quasi-acquisition of the filling level in containers with liquid media.
Technical Data
- connection : Dose
- Protection class Socket : IP 65
- Float type : 03, 04, 09
- Sliding tube length : max. 6000 mm
- Operating temperature : max. 135 °C
- Operating pressure : max. 20 bar (Kugel) max. 15 bar (Zylinder)
- Resolution : 7,5 mm | 10 mm
- Accessories : R/I-Wandler TK-101
MaterialDensity
- Type 03 : 0,75 g/cm³
- Type 04 : 0,65 g/cm³
- Type 09 : 0,76 g/cm³
QFS-5x | QFS-6x
Teflon float switch for all kinds of liquids up to 150°C
The float of the QFS-50 and QFS-60 float switches is made of Teflon. Inside the float, one or two reed contacts with a movable permanent magnet are inserted as a switching element.
Technical Data
- Material : PTFE (Teflon)
- connection cable : Silikon, Teflon
- Operating temperature : max. +150°C
- Operating pressure : 1 bar
- media density : ρ ³ 0,75 g/cm³
- Switching system : Reed-Schalter
- Contact : Wechsler, NO, NC
- Inductive/capacitive loads : Unbedingt Kontaktschutz vorsehen
- Ex-protection optional : Elektrische Daten siehe EG-Prüfbescheinigung IBExU10ATEX 1089
Reed contact
- Switching current : 1 mA ... 1 A
- Switching voltage : 24 ... 250 V AC/DC
- Switching capacity : Max. 1A, 60 VA / 60 W
- Switching hysteresis : ca. 100 mm
- Switching angle : ca. +20°...–20°
Namur circuit (1kΩ/12kQ)
- Switching current / switching voltage : nur zum Anschluss an KR-163... oder andere „Namur”-Relais
- Switching hysteresis : ca. 100 mm
- Switching angle : ca. +20°...–20°
T205-0.F
Ex area zone 0 (category 1)
The magnetic immersion probes T20... are used to detect fill level limit values in containers for liquid media, where an explosive atmosphere of zone 0 (cat. 1) is present in the gas space above the liquid and Ex zone 1 (cat. 2) is present outside the container, in the area of the junction box.
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 cable : IP 68
- connection cable : max. 10 Meter PUR
- Sliding tube length : Max. 6000 mm
- Operating temperature : max. 120 °C
- F-Contact : 1 / 12 kΩ
Float
- Stainless steel ball 44 mm Ø : max. 15 bar | 0,60 g/cm³
- Stainless steel cylinder 27 mm Ø : max. 10 bar | 0,78 g/cm³
TK-101 EX
Measuring transducer (R/I-transducer)
The measuring transducer Tk101 and Tk101Ex are built directly into the connection boxes of our Liquid Level Measuring Instruments of type TK-30.
Properties
- Operating temperature : -20...+60 °C
- Storage temperature : -40...+80 °C
- Ex-protection : siehe Zertifikat
- CE marking : siehe Konformitätserklärung
Input
- Resistance range in three-wire circuit : 4...10 kΩ
- Measuring current : 0,8 mA @ RE = 4 kΩ
- Measuring current : 0,33 mA bei RE = 10 kΩ
- Measuring voltage : 3,3 V
Supply/Output
- 2-wire : 4...20 mA
- Voltage(Um) : 11...28 V DC
- Burden / load : 0...800 Ω |RBürde max = [(Um - Um min) / 0,02] Ω
- Output signal in case of error : max. 24 mA
Fault influences
- Max. Total error : ± 1 %
- Temperature influence : -0,015 % / °C
- Supply voltage influence : 0,025 % / V
Setting range
- Full deflection : 60...105 %
- Zero point adjustment : 0...25 %
ZS-2
Differential pressure sensor for low pressure
Compact and robust differential pressure transmitter for measurement on air and other non-aggressive media
Properties
- Pressure type : Differenzdruck
- Housing : Aluminium
- medium : Luft und nicht aggressive Gase
Measurement parameters
- response time : < 2,5 s
- Hysteresis : 0,1 %
- Overload capacity : 4* fach bis 500 mbar, darüber 2* fach
- Signal output selection : 0...10 V | 4...20 mA, 2-Leiter
Operating conditions
- Operating voltage : 24 VDC/AC ±10 % (0...10 V) | 15...30 VDC (4...20 mA)
- Operating temperature : -20...+50 °C
Connections
- Electrical connection : Schraubklemme im Gehäuse
- Process connection : Schlauchanschluss 4 mm oder 6 mm
- Cable gland : PG 7
Pressure measuring range
- 0...2,5mbar :
- 0...5mbar :
- 0...10mbar :
- 0...25mbar :
- 0...50mbar :
- 0...100mbar :
- 0...250mbar :
- 0...500mbar :
- 0...1.000mbar :
XR Relais
Electrode relays and contact protection relays
The electrode relays are used for conductive level detection.
levels. The possible applications extend
areas where conductive, liquid media are to be detected, controlled
to be detected, controlled or regulated. Hereby
level detection (overflow / dry run) as well as minimum / maximum
as well as minimum / maximum controls can be realised.
The contact protection relays are universal measuring transducers, which
input signals (resistance values) with "Namur" specification (DIN EN 60947).
Namur" specification (DIN EN 60947) into switching signals of floating
output contacts.
Protection class EN60529
- clamp : IP20
- Housing : IP40
Technical Data
- Operating temperature : -20...+60 °C
- Storage temperature : -30...+80 °C
- Output contacts : potentialfrei
- Switching voltage : min. 5 V | max. 250 V AC / 150 V DC
- Switching current : min. 5 mA | max. 5 A AC / 5 A DC
- Switching capacity : min. 300 mW | max. 100 VA / 50 W
- Quiescent current : umschaltbar
- Weight : ca. 250 g
- CE marking : siehe Konformitätserklärung
- Ex-protection/IECEx : siehe Prüfbescheinigung
ZDS-H
Precision pressure switch for high-pressure applications up to 2,000 bar
Can be used in oil, brake fluid, diesel, air and other gases.
With very good stability and overpressure resistance.
Properties
- Pressure range : 0...2.000 bar gestuft
- supply : 24 V DC
- Output : Relais 60 V AC/1A
- overload : 1,5 x Messbereich
- Med. connection : G 1/4 Zoll
- electrical connection : Schraubklemme
- feature : Tasten, LCD-Anz.
FDL400
Flow Data Logger
The FDL400 "Flow Data Logger 400" measuring device is suitable for measuring the flow of water and wastewater in fully or partially filled sewers or pipes of various geometries.
Properties
- Housing : Aluminium
- Protection class : IP30
- Dimensions : 197 x 153 x 37,5mm (B x H x T)
- Temperature range : 0 – 50°C
- Supply voltage : 24V DC +/-20%
- Power consumption : 120mA – 220mA
- Reverse polarity protection : ✓
- Display : 4x20
Outputs
- analog 0(4)–20mA : 3x
- digital : 4x
- fixed for alarm : 1x
- free configurable : 3x
display of measured value
- Flow velocity :
- Filling level :
- flow :
- flow rate :
EK-CAN
PC program for CANopen sensors
Evaluation and configuration software for Fluid.iO CANopen sensors
Properties
- Operating system : Windows
- ltdata.BuildVersion : 1.0.5 (28.10.2025)
- installation type : ZIP, portable
- ltdata.Sprache : DE | EN
TK-302
Level transducer made of brass and stainless steel
T30... continuous magnetic immersible probes are used for quasi-acquisition of the filling level in containers with liquid media.
Technical Data
- connection : Dose
- Protection class socket / plug : IP 65
- Protection class EN60529 cable : IP 55
- Float type : 03 (04)
- connection cable : 1000 mm Silikon 0,5 mm²
- Sliding tube length : max. 6000 mm
- Operating temperature : max. 130 °C
- Operating pressure : max. 20 bar
- Resolution : 10 mm | 15 mm | 1 % | 2 % | 5 %
- Accessories : R/I-Wandler TK-101
MaterialDensity
- Type 03 : 0,75 g/cm³
- Type 04 : 0,65 g/cm³
CS-11
CO2 Sensor with digital Interface
Digital CO2 sensor CS-11 for measuring carbon dioxide concentration in mobile applications.
Properties CS-11
- Measured variable: : CO2
- Measuring range: : 0…5.000 ppm
- Measuring principle: : optisch, NDIR
- Housing : Kunststoff
- measuring grid : 2 sec.
- Accuracy : ± 50 ppm
- Protocol : I²C-Bus
- Operating conditions Temperature : -0°C … 50°C
- Operating conditions Humidity : 0…85 % rH
- Storage conditions Temperature : -30°C … 70 °C
- Storage conditions Humidity : 0…85 % rH
Properties MV-CAN
- Housing : Plastik
- Mounting : Hutschienenmodul für Einbau in Schaltschrank
- Operating voltage : 10…48 V
- measuring grid : 2 sec.
- CAN protocol : CANopen 2.0 A nach CiA DS 404
- Physical Layer : nach ISO 11898
- Option : Bereitstellung des EDS-Files
- Operating temperature : -40°C … +80°C
- Storage temperature : -40°C … +120 °C
LU-150
Compact Ultrasonic Level Sensor
The LU-150 is a short-range integrated ultrasonic level transmitter, intrinsically safe as Ex-version LU-180. This general purpose, 2 wire, 4 to 20 mA loop powered transmitter is ideal for liquids, slurries, and bulk materials in open or closed vessels to 5 m (16.4 ft).
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 68
- Power supply : 12...30 V DC / 0.1A Spitze
- Power consumption : Max. 0,75 W (25 mA bei 24 V DC)
- Output : 4...20 mA
- Max. Load : 600 Ω bei 24 V DC
- Measuring span : Proportional oder umgekehrt proportional
- Measurable materials : Flüssigkeiten, Schlämme, Schuttgüter
- operating temperature : –20...+60 °C
- Opening angle : 12°
- working pressure : Atmosphärisch
- Display : 3-stelliges LCD
- Process connection : Gewinde G 2" (BSPP) EN 10226 PVDF
- Weight : 1,3 Kg
- Cable entry : Kabelverschraubung M 20 x 1.5
- Material housing electronics : Polybutylenterephthalat PBT
- Material sensor / thread : PVDF-Copolymer
Input
- Measuring range : 0,25...5,0 m
- frequency : 54 kHz
Measuring Accuracy
- Measurement deviation : ± 0,25 % vom Messbereich (in Luft)
- Resolution : 3 mm
- Temperature compensation : im Sensor integriert
- Echo processing : „Sonic Intelligence“ von Siemens
ES-22
electronic safety pressure limiter with 2 safety functions
TÜV-certified, type-tested electronic safety switching device (SIL2)
Properties
- Operating voltage : 16...32 V DC (max. 5,9 W)
- Dimensions : 150 x 60 x 42 mm (L x B x H)
- Housing : Aluminium (eloxiert)
- Protection class : IP65
Approvals
- DGRL 2014/68/EU Kat:IV : Baumustergeprüft gemäß Druckgeräterichtlinie
- DIN EN12263:1998 : Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen Sicherheitsschalteinrichtungen zur Druckbegrenzung -Anforderungen und Prüfungen; Kategorie IV
- DIN EN378:2020 : Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen
- DIN EN61508:2011 : SIL2
Measuring ranges
- Measuring range relative pressure (nominal pressure) : -1…500 bar
- Measuring range differential pressure (nominal pressure) : 0…1 mbar - 0…1.000 mbar
- Setting accuracy (from nominal pressure) : 0,1 %
Operating conditions
- Pressure type : Relativdruck, Differenzdruck
- Temperature of the fluid : -40…+125 °C
- Ambient temperature : -20…+65 °C
- Parts in contact with media : Edelstahl
process connection
- Version relative pressure : G ¼“ Innengewinde
- Version differential pressure : G ⅛“ Innengewinde
- Adapter for process connection : 6mm; 8mm oder 10mm
electrical connection
- Analogue current output : 1x 4…20 mA
- Digital inputs/outputs : 2x Alarm oder 1x Alarm & 1x Fernentriegelung
Load capacity of the switching contacts DC (24V)
- DC1 : 16 A
- DC13 : 1,5A
Load capacity of the switching contacts AC (230V)
- AC1 : 16 A
- AC3 : 10 A
- AC15 : 7 A
T200.F-24V
Overfill protection with 24V direct connection
Level sensors type T-20_.F... are
approved by the DIBt (German
Institute for Structural Engineering) as liquid level limit switches for the overcharge protection of containers for storing water-dangerous liquids.
Connection
- Polyester junction box : PO/ET-520
- Polyethylene connection head : PE/ET-521
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 65
- connection thread : G 1", G 1¼", G 1½", G2", G3”
- Union nut : G 2¾", S 100x8
- Guide tube length : max. 6 m
- Operating temperature : max. 80 °C
- Operating pressure : atmosphärisch
- media density : ρ ≥ 0,6 g/cm³ (je nach Schwimmertyp)
- Switching hysteresis : typ. 2 mm
- Switching point tolerance : max. 2 mm
Power supply
- nominal voltage : 24 V DC (24…300V DC)
- Power consumption : ≤ 1 W
Output
- Output contact : 1 potentialfreier Wechselkontakt
- Switching voltage : max. 250 V AC / 30 V DC
- Switching current : max. 3 A AC / 3 A DC
- Switching capacity : max. 750 VA / 90 W
Optocoupler
- Switching voltage : max. 30 V
- Switching current : max. 100 mA
- displays : Betriebs-LED grün, Funktions-LED rot
- Switching delay : ca. 0,5 s Anzug/Abfall
HD-110 | HD-112 | HD-114
Hydrostatic screw-in probes (4...20mA | 0.8...10mWS)
Continuous and precise level measurement in unpressurised, open basins and tanks as well as underground applications such as shafts, wells and boreholes.
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 65
- Operating temperature : -10...70 °C
- Storage temperature : -25...70 °C
- Power supply : 15...30 V DC
- power : max. 25 mA
- Output : 2-Leiter-Technik | 4...20 mA
- Measuring range : 0,8...10 mWs (Standard)
- Overpressure : ca. 20 %
- Deviation from characteristic curve : Nichtlinearität,
- Insulation resistance : > 100 kΩ
- Short-circuit resistance : permanent
- Reverse polarity protection : keine Schädigung o. Funktion bei vertauschten Anschlüssen
Materials
- Housing : Edelstahl 1.4571, PVC, PVDF
- Measuring cell : Edelstahl 1.4404, Keramik AI2o3 96%, Keramik AI2o3 99,9%
- Seals : FKM (Viton ®), EPDM, FFKM (Kalrez ®)
- connection thread : G ¾“ | G 1 ½“
- Plug : Steckverbindung DIN 43650
QFS-3X
Mercury-free float switch with µ-switch
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 68
- Cable entry : PVC , PTFE bzw. PVDF
- Conductor cross-section : 3 x 0,75 mm², PUR 3x 0,5mm²
- Operating pressure cylinder : max. 1 bar
- Operating pressure sphere : max. 2 bar
- Switching system : µ-Schalter
- Contact : Wechsler, NO, NC
Material Float
- QFS-30 : PPH (Polypropylen)
- QFS-31 : PPH (Polypropylen)
- QFS-34 : PE (Polyethylen)
Cable
- TPK : PVC Basis Ø 5,9 mm
- TPKV : PVC verstärkt Ø 7,3 mm
- PUR : Polyurethan Ø 5,4 mm
- SIL : Silikon Ø 6,4 mm
- FEP : Teflon Ø 4,0 mm
- AEM : Ethylen-Acrylat-Kautschuk
Cable length between float & attachment
- TPK : 70 mm
- TPKV : 90mm
- PUR : 100mm
- SIL : 80 mm
- FEP : 110 mm
- AEM : abhängig vom Innenkabel
Operating temperature
- TPK(V), AEM : max. + 60 °C
- PUR : max. + 70 °C
- Silicone,Tefloncable with PE float : max. + 80 °C
- Silicone, Teflon cable with PP float : max. + 85 °C
MaterialDensity
- QFS-31 : ≥≥ 0,6 g/cm³
- QFS-34 : ≥≥ 0,75 g/cm³
- QFS-30 TPK(V) cable : ≥≥ 0,85 g/vcm³
- QFS-30 PUR cable : ≥≥ 0,95 g/cm³
- QFS-30 SIL cable : ≥≥ 0,90 g/cm³
- QFS-30 FEP cable : ≥≥ 0,95 g/cm³
- QFS-30AEM cable : ≥≥ 0,90 g/cm³
OAA-300
Alarm Indicator (Measuring Transducer) with general approval for construction
Our alarm indicators type OAA-300 are stand-alone signaling devices with optic and acoustic alarm indication.
Properties
- Protection class EN60529 : IP 65
- Operating temperature : – 20…+60 °C
- Storage temperature : – 30…+80 °C
- Sensitivity : bei konduktiver Messung: 3, 10, 30, 100kΩ
- Dimensions : 170 x 190 x 85 mm
- Weight : ca. 0,8 kg
Control circuits
- Open circuit voltage : max. 10 V DC
- Short-circuit current : max. 10 mA
- Switching delay : ca. 0,5 s
Power supply
- nominal voltage : 230 V AC (optional 24, 115, 240 V AC 24 V DC
- Nominal frequency : 48...62 Hz
- Power consumption : max. 3 W/VA
Output
- Switching voltage : max. 250 V
- Switching current : max. 3 A
- Switching capacity : max. 500 VA | max. 50 W
- Volume : 75 dB
Our application engineers advise you personally, comprehensively and professionally!
Simply contact us by phone or e-mail!